Using raw regional climate model outputs for quantifying climate change impacts on hydrology          下载免费PDF全文

Jie Chen  François P. Brissette  Pan Liu  Jun Xia 《水文研究》2017,31(24):4398-4413

General circulation model outputs are rarely used directly for quantifying climate change impacts on hydrology, due to their coarse resolution and inherent bias. Bias correction methods are usually applied to correct the statistical deviations of climate model outputs from the observed data. However, the use of bias correction methods for impact studies is often disputable, due to the lack of physical basis and the bias nonstationarity of climate model outputs. With the improvement in model resolution and reliability, it is now possible to investigate the direct use of regional climate model (RCM) outputs for impact studies. This study proposes an approach to use RCM simulations directly for quantifying the hydrological impacts of climate change over North America. With this method, a hydrological model (HSAMI) is specifically calibrated using the RCM simulations at the recent past period. The change in hydrological regimes for a future period (2041–2065) over the reference (1971–1995), simulated using bias‐corrected and nonbias‐corrected simulations, is compared using mean flow, spring high flow, and summer–autumn low flow as indicators. Three RCMs driven by three different general circulation models are used to investigate the uncertainty of hydrological simulations associated with the choice of a bias‐corrected or nonbias‐corrected RCM simulation. The results indicate that the uncertainty envelope is generally watershed and indicator dependent. It is difficult to draw a firm conclusion about whether one method is better than the other. In other words, the bias correction method could bring further uncertainty to future hydrological simulations, in addition to uncertainty related to the choice of a bias correction method. This implies that the nonbias‐corrected results should be provided to end users along with the bias‐corrected ones, along with a detailed explanation of the bias correction procedure. This information would be especially helpful to assist end users in making the most informed decisions.  相似文献   

星载SAR地形辐射校正模型及其效果评价     

陈尔学  李增元  田昕  凌飞龙 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2010,(3)

根据合成孔径雷达(SAR)严格成像几何模型和辐射定标公式建立了地形辐射校正(TRC)模型。通过实验,从定性和定量两个方面评价了TRC模型的有效性。比较了基于投影角和基于当地入射角两种计算有效散射单元面积的方法,对根据初始定位模型计算有效散射单元面积的合理性进行了分析。  相似文献   

机载激光雷达单机检校方案研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

刘凯华  张建霞  左建章 《测绘科学》2010,35(6):62-64,69

针对目前LiDAR的精度标定环节,本文分析了激光雷达的测距原理和影响测距精度的因素后,提出了对测距精度影响较大的激光器二极管电流强度、扫描半角、扫描频率、扫描距离以及灰度值的自身误差检测方法,展示了交通标志的特殊点云图像,并以此组织了完整的检校工作,验证了该检校方法的可行性,提出了可供参考的检测注意事项,为在测量结果中加入误差校正提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

利用CORS数据计算重庆InSAR对流层延迟     

周金国  廖振环  崔书珍 《测绘信息与工程》2010,35(1):13-14

利用了重庆市CORS数据，计算了该地区InSAR对流层延迟，分析了重庆地区对流层延迟对InSAR技术的影响。  相似文献   

利用JPL行星/月球星历计算遥感水汽中的地球固体潮改正          下载免费PDF全文

王威  隋立芬  马高峰  景义红 《海洋测绘》2010,30(1):22-24

简要介绍GPS遥感水汽的原理,详细讨论了计算地球固体潮改正模型的理论公式。介绍获取JPL星历的方法,以及如何利用JPL行星/月球星历来计算太阳和月亮的坐标,并逐步计算出地球固体潮改正。举例计算了地球固体潮改正,分析了其对水汽的影响,比较了太阳距离、月亮距离与地球固体潮改正的关系。  相似文献   

多波束测深残余折射处理技术的对比研究          下载免费PDF全文

刘胜旋  屈小娟 《海洋测绘》2010,30(2):49-51

针对多波束条幅存在的残余声线折射影响,加拿大Caris HIPS多波束资料处理软件除了支持声速剖面改正外,还提供了一个折射改正工具。该折射改正工具简单易用,效果所见即所得,能够快速消除声线折射产生的假地形。通过实测数据对这两种改正方法的结果进行了比较。  相似文献   

统计检验抗差估计新方法研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

郑勇波  周命端  文鸿雁 《测绘科学》2010,35(5):72-73

20世纪60年代数学家重新从广泛的意义上提出非最小二乘估计问题,并已在抗差估计中取得重要的进展。从1980年起,抗差估计理论开始被引入测量领域,并出现了许多方案。本文依据统计检验,结合IGG1区间划分的部分思想,提出了一种全新的定权思路,给出了一个简要数学模型。利用MATLAB编程,将本文提出的方法与经典的IGG1方法进行了比较,对它的抗差效果进行了总结分析,通过一个经典算例,表明新方法具有准确定位粗差的优点。  相似文献   

环境星CCD数据大气校正研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

孙源  顾行发  余涛  高海亮 《国土资源遥感》2010,(4)

利用6S模型和同步气象资料,对国产环境与灾害监测预报小卫星HJ-1 A的CCD1传感器数据进行了大气校正和反射率反演。同时对CCD1传感器1～4波段大气校正前后的反射率变化进行了对比研究,发现大气校正后的1～3波段的地面反射率明显降低,4波段的地面反射率升高;利用同步野外实测地面数据对大气校正后的反射率数据进行了检验,两者结果基本一致;此外,还进行了定量化误差分析,以同步野外实测地面数据作为标准,将大气校正后的反射率数据与之对比,分析了可能带来误差的原因。结果表明,利用6S大气校正方法能够有效去除HJ-1 A星CCD图像的大气影响,获取地物绝对反射率。  相似文献   

Illumination effects on the differenced Normalized Burn Ratio's optimality for assessing fire severity     

S. Veraverbeke  W.W. Verstraeten  S. Lhermitte  R. Goossens 《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2010

The influence of illumination effects on the optimality of the dNBR (differenced Normalized Burn Ratio) was evaluated for the case of the 2007 Peloponnese (Greece) wildfires using a pre/post-fire Landsat TM (Thematic Mapper) image couple. Well-illuminated pixels (south and south-east facing slopes) exhibited more optimal displacements in the bi-spectral feature space than more shaded pixels (north and north-west exposed slopes). Moreover, pixels experiencing a small image-to-image difference in illumination obtained a higher optimality than pixels with a relatively large difference in illumination. To correct for illumination effects, the c-correction method and a modified c-correction technique were applied. The resulting median dNBR optimality of uncorrected, c-corrected and modified c-correction data was respectively 0.58, 0.60 and 0.71 (differences significant for p < 0.001). The original c-correction method improved the optimality of badly illuminated pixels while deteriorating the optimality of well-illuminated pixels. In contrast, the modified c-correction technique improved the optimality of all the pixels while retaining the prime characteristic of topographic correction techniques, i.e. detrending the illumination–reflectance relationship. For a minority of the data, for shaded pixels and/or pixels with a high image-to-image difference in illumination, the original c-correction outperformed the modified c-correction technique. In this study conducted in rugged terrain and with a bi-temporal image acquisition scheme that deviated up to two months from the ideal anniversary date scheme the modified c-correction technique resulted in a more reliable change detection.  相似文献   

RTK技术在沛县新城区图根控制测量中的应用     

詹家民  周杨 《全球定位系统》2010,35(1):38-42

叙述了RTK技术在沛县新城区图根控制测量中的应用，通过比较分析说明：RTK的测量精度完全能够满足1：500地形测图图根控制的精度要求。  相似文献